In 2000, C-SPAN announced a ranking of U.S. presidents based on a ten point criteria, in which Abraham Lincoln came out on top. President Lincoln, again, topped that list which was recently reexamined. Sixty-five historians participated, ranking “each president on a scale of one, ‘not effective’ to 10, ‘very effective.’”
Surely, any self-respecting historian must know how arbitrary such a list is – to say nothing of the ranking process itself. Such lists are an excuse for a handful of historians, who know (or ought to know) the silliness of the list, to prop themselves up as authorities, while journalists and commentators spend a day or so propping themselves up as great analysts, construing the significance of each ranking. Shortly after the 2000 list, more than a half-dozen public opinion polls were conducted, asking participants to rank the presidents. There were three major differences that prevailed in these lists from the historian’s list.
One is obvious: the lists were shorter and included more twentieth century presidents. The “Guilded Era” presidents tend to get overlooked by a population starving to be taught American history. This may be a good thing. After all, what have Rutherford B Hayes and Chester A Arthur done for me lately? Nevertheless, I think the country could benefit from a working, rudimentary knowledge of a James K Polk or an Andrew Jackson (my personal favorite).
Instead, most of the lists include any number of twentieth century presidents who effectively destroyed American education with various social programs.
Second, while Lincoln holds steady at the top nearly across the board, the public opinion lists consistently placed Ronald Reagan in the top three, while the historians ranked him at or below tenth place. Now, “top ten” or “top three” notwithstanding, I’m really not sure what position Ronald Regan deserves, objectively speaking. In fairness, being that he is twenty years out office, I think it is appropriate to begin evaluate the legacy of the 40th president. Still, since I don’t see the point in a ranking system, I’m just not ready to put a number next to most of these men.
Nevertheless, the public opinion polls have often been downplayed as being mere opinion, as opposed to the more historically “in depth” C-SPAN list. Actually, I think the fact that most of the public opinion lists included so few presidents is proof that the public opinion lists were just that: opinion.
However, as between the two, I would absolutely bet more on the objective accuracy of the public opinion lists than I would on the historians’ list. The reason being is that they are BOTH opinion polls. The third difference being that, while one list was the collective opinions of 65 historians, the other half dozen presented the collective opinions of 1,000 to 1,500 participants across the country.
This is all by way of saying that, while it is at best historically glib, the C-SPAN list evinces an odd combination of political and ideological biases which the news outlets reporting it will totally ignore (given that most of them share those biases.).
Some blatant examples of political caprice included:
Bill Clinton moving up from No. 21 to No. 15, between 2000 and 2009. This is partly because he moved from 5 to 3 on “Management of the Economy.” A couple of things. One, the president was never intended to “manage” the economy, which is likely why the first 20 or 30 were involved as little as needed. Maybe if Franklin Pierce knew that 100 years later Franklin Roosevelt would prop himself up as God Almighty of the American Economy, he would have got in on the action. Being pre-Rooseveltian ends up being sort of a disadvantage in this category.
Clinton also moved from 5 to 4 in the category “Pursued Equal Justice for All.” I have no idea what that category means or what its historical guidelines included. What I do know is that, below Abraham Lincoln, we are given 6 liberal Democrats. One of whom, Bubba, groped a woman in the Oval Office and exposed himself to another, asking her to “kiss it.” Another of whom, Carter, capitulated while 52 hostages where held captive for 444 days in Iran. There is FDR who expanded the arm of the federal government, giving it oversight over areas of private life, unimagined by the Founders. And Johnson who, to his credit, did sign the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which was overwhelmingly passed by Congressional Republicans. I’m also somewhat perplexed as to why JFK ranks so high in this category - not that he was a known woman-molestor (a quality which, one would think, ought to ding you on “Equal Justice for All”).
No, as far we know JFK was a complete gentlemen with all his mistresses. But I’m pretty sure a couple of names could have come before this rather uneventful president …
Never mind that James Madison, ranked 20th in this category and 20th overall, wrote the US Constitution. Never mind that John Adams, the attorney representing the Sons of Liberty who courageously sailed to and from France in the midst of a War to plead our case to the French - literally risking his life - and to secure critical loans from the Dutch, was referred to as the “voice of revolution” by Thomas Jefferson. Well, Adams was 2 spots higher than the writer of the Declaration of Independence, who got 17th in this category.
What did Jefferson do for Equal Justice again? Oh, right, I already said that…. Too bad he didn’t do something really inspiring like invade religious compounds in Texas or have the attorney general storm a Florida home in the middle of the night to take Elian Gonzales out at gun point.
And if only Dolly Madison had been a crazy hardcore Marxist shoving universal healthcare down out throats……. Oh, the possibilites.
Clinton also moved up in another critical category: from 40 to 37 on moral authority. I don’t know if I need to complain about such a deservedly low ranking. Though one should not forget that “the character issue” was coined because of and for this man.
I suppose Eisenhower ranked 10th in Pursuit of Equal Justice because of his Supreme Court appointments – men who effectively mangled the US Constitution, whom Eisenhower later referred to as his biggest mistakes.
Another oddity, I thought, was “Relations With Congress.” Now I don’t know if one is ranked higher for fighting Congress tooth and nail, or for acquiescing to Congressional authority, or whether its for getting Congress to follow one’s agenda. The list is not clear. What is strange is that Bill Clinton is ranked 19th. Clinton entered the presidency with both Houses of Congress in the same party as himself. Two years later, as an undisputedly direct cause of his first two years in office which were an unmitigated catastrophe by every measure, the Congress shifted to the Republicans in an unprecedented landslide. For the rest of his term, Clinton decided to take credit for Congressional initiatives like the Welfare Reform Act which never would have been thought of in a Democratic Congress. By contrast, George W Bush is 36th in this category.
Now regardless of one’s opinion about Bush, this is truly absurd. Bush was the first Republican president since Eisenhower to have had both Houses of Congress controlled by Republicans. And Eisenhower only enjoyed that for the 83rd Congress (1953 to 1955.). Bush had a tie senate for the 107th, and a majority for the 108th and the 109th. The House was Republican from the 104th through the 109th.
Can anyone argue that Bill Clinton had better Congressional relations, on the whole, than George W Bush?
Such lists are opinion and nothing more. The most surprising feature about this list is that Obama has yet to make an appearance in the top 2. I give it a week.
Last, while I know I said I wouldn’t put a number next to “most” of these men, I know which 5 belong in anyone’s top 10, at least:
John Adams: the Voice of Revolution
George Washington: Father of our Country
Thomas Jefferson: Declarer of Independence
James Madison: Father of the Constitution
Andrew Jackson: straight up bad-ass